The Effect of Pediococcus Pentosaceus on Stool Frequency, TNF-α Level, Gut Microflora Balance in Diarrhea-induced Mice

Background: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation and imbalanced gut microflora that may result in diarrhea. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus) isolated from “dadih” (milk curd) are used as probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are useful to improve the balance of intestinal microflora and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to recognize the effect of P. pentosaceus supplementation on stool frequency, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gut microflora balance in experimental mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea. Method: The study was conducted in 60 white mice (Mus muscullus) at Biomedical Laboratory, Biotechnology/Production and Animal Husbandry Technology Institute, University of Andalas, Padang in April 2012. The frequency of stool, TNF-α level and microflora balance of the mice were measured before and after the EPEC-induced diarrhea and following the administration of antibiotics. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: The highest mean stool frequency was found in positive control group, i.e. 55 times, which was reduced significantly after 12-hour P. pentosaceus supplementation in a dose of 2 x 108 cfu/g into 18 times. The mean TNF-α level in positive control group was 128.17 pg/mL that lowered significantly to 48.0 pg/mL. The highest mean total number of LAB was 97.0 x 107 cfu/g, which was significantly different from positive control group of 7 x 107 cfu/g. Conclusion: P. pentosaceus supplementation in a dose of 2 x 108 cfu/g may reduce the stool frequency, lower TNF-α and improve the gut microflora balance following 12-hour supplementation in diarrhea-induced mice

Kajian Optimalisasi Bandar Udara International Adi Sumarmo Solo melalui Peningkatan Konektivitas antara Solo-Yogyakarta dengan Angkutan Kereta Api Khusus Bandar Udara.

The airport is one of the transportation nodes that has important role in organizing intermodal transportation especially for air transportation, road transportation, and rail transportation. Nowadays, one of mass transit modes in Yogyakarta and Solo is train (Prameks and Sidomukti line) that serves passengers from Yogyakarta Tugu station to Solo Balapan station. Meanwhile, Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta airport has land limitation to develop the airport in serving at least 7,2 million pax/year for its passenger traffic. Regarding this problem, it needs strategic actions in order to get appropriate and fast solution. One of the solutions is offering optimization of secondary airport. Adi Sumarmo Solo airport is the nearest airport to Adi Sutjipto airport that can be optimized for accommodating passenger traffic from and to Yogyakarta. This option is also supported by airport train development that eases passenger connectivity between Adi Sumarmo airport and Adi Sutjipto airport. The purpose of this research is to measure the optimization level of Adi Sumarmo Solo airport through airport train connectivity that has been planned. Using stated preference approach technique and ServQual analysis, this research will identify air passenger behavior for airport train. The result of the research shows the majority respondents (91%) stated agree for airport train option as transportation mode from/to Adi Sucipto airport, 65% respondents stated willing to pay Rp 20.000 - Rp 40.000 as maximum tariff. Besides that, ServQual analysis shows the main priority for respondents toward airport train services is time variable. Furthermore, this research is expected to be consideration for stakeholders and give impact for the objective of National Transportation System (SISTRANAS) policy in achieving effective and efficient transportation services through some indicators that are accessibility, integration, affordable tariff, and high utility. Bandar udara merupakan salah satu simpul transportasi yang memiliki peran penting dalam penyelenggaraan transportasi antarmoda khususnya antara moda udara, jalan dan rel. Saat ini salah satu sarana angkutan umum massal yang dimiliki kota Yogyakarta dan Solo adalah Kereta api Prameks dan Sidomukti yang melayani pergerakan penumpang dari stasiun Tugu Yogyakarta menuju Stasiun Solo Balapan. Sementara Bandara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta saat ini memiliki keterbatasan lahan untuk pengembangan bandara dalam melayani pergerakan penumpang pesawat yang telah mencapai 7,2 juta penumpang/tahun. Dengan permasalahan tersebut tentu perlu diambil langkah strategis guna mendapatkan solusi yang cepat dan tepat. Salah satu alternatif solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah menawarkan opsi dengan mengoptimalkan bandara terdekat (secondary airport). Bandara Adi Sumarmo Solo merupakan bandara terdekat dengan Bandara Adi Sutjipto yang memungkinan untuk dioptimalkan agar dapat menampung lonjakan pergerakan penumpang dari dan menuju Yogyakarta. Hal tersebut juga didukung dengan telah dimulainya pembangunan kereta api bandara khusus yang memudahkan akses pergerakan penumpang pesawat di Bandara Adi Sutjipto menuju Bandara Adi Sumarmo. Dilatarbelakangi dengan permasalahan tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat optimasi Bandara Adi Sumarmo Solo melalui indikator konektivitas Kereta Api Khusus Bandara yang tengah dicanangkan. Dengan menggunakan teknik pendekatan stated preference dan ServQual Analysis penelitian ini bermaksud untuk melihat air passenger behavior dengan akan diadakannya kereta api khusus bandara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan mayoritas responden (91%) menyatakan setuju dengan alternatif KA Bandara sebagai alat transportasi dari/menuju Bandara Adi Sutjipto dan 65 % responden menyatakan bersedia membayar tarif maksimal sebesar Rp 20.000-Rp 40.000. Sementara hasil analisa ServQual prioritas utama responden terhadap layanan kereta api khusus bandara adalah variabel waktu

A Review of Structural Relationships in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model

The acquisition strategy of returned products has become essential in the study of reverse supply chain.  There are three primary activities included in the process of a the reverse supply chain, the acquisition of returned products, the remanufacturing process, and redistribution. This literature review intends to study the existing relationship amongst supply chain players in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model. In the remanufacturing process performed by the company, returned products must be collected from consumers. Therefore, remanufacturing companies rely upon consumers as cores suppliers. This makes the good relationship between the two become  crucial in company operational sustainability successfully.  In this study, the identified journal articles were categorized into types of structural relationships between supply chain players and network structures of a reverse supply chain. Types of structural relationships are ownership-based, service-contract, direct-order, deposit-based, credit-based, buy-back, and voluntary–based. There are four types of returned product collector and remanufacturer: Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), a third party (3PL), retailer, and remanufacturer. Discussion of the journal articles was presented in each category. After that, the structural relationship was explored to find its advantage and disadvantage, so that CLSC can be managed effectively and efficiently. As a summary, suggestions for future research were described as the result of the literature review conducted

Gambaran Faktor-faktor yang Terkait dengan Keanekaragaman Hama Gudang pada Tepung Terigu di Pasar Tradisional Kota Semarang

Wheat flour is very vulnerable pests if stored in warehouses for long periods, especially in traditional markets. The purpose of research to describe of factors related to diversity warehouse pests of wheat flour in tradisional market town of Semarang. This research is descriptive, using survey method with cross sectional approach. The sample in this research was flour trader sold in stall and los located at 6 UPTD Traditional Market Town of Semarang who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis using univariate analysis. The results showed there are six species found that Sitophilusoryzae, Triboliumcastaneum, Lasiodermaserricorne, StegobiumPaniceum, Carpophilushemipterus and Silvanus sp with the species most commonly found are Triboliumcastaneum (91,67%). UPTD Jatingaleh have categories circumstances worst wheat flour products (77,8%). Sanitary place to do business, there are 4 UPTD with a percentage of 100% classified as bad in the UPTD Jatingaleh, Karangayu, Pedurungan and Karimata

Implementation of Lean Services in Hospitals To Improve The Efficiency of Patient Services in The Organization Of Health Social Security (BPJS)

The hospital has a very vital role in efforts to improve the health status of all Indonesian people. When the process of serving a hospital is not effective and efficient, patients who can be referred to as customers from the hospital will feel the impact. Long processes and patients who are required to queue in each process results in patients having to wait a long time to get service. It is hoped that Lean will apply it to hospitals to improve the process so that it can provide optimal services, and at a lower cost. From the results of this study, the waste found in the service of The Organization of Health Social Security (BPJS) is waiting /delay & defect. The impact of lean service implementation on the BPJS Health patient service process according to the process activity mapping, increasing the process cycle efficiency to 64%, according to the supply chain response matrix is to add service facilities, and according to the quality filter mapping is to carry out routine control of the registration process and the amount of stock paper and printe

Solusi Persamaan Yukawa di Daerah Sederhana Menggunakan Metode Galerkin dalam Matlab

Tulisan ini, merupakan sebuah tutorial bagaimana mengimplementasikan metode Galerkin untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Yukawa. Persamaan ini, misalnya digunakan untuk memodelkan perambatan air dalam keadaan tak jenuh. Misalnya untuk memperoleh informasi bentuk pembasahan akibat adanya sumber air jenuh, persamaan Yukawa perlu diselesaikan secara numerik. Persamaan gelombang skalar untuk background homogen digunakan untuk memperkenalkan FEM. Untuk lebih sederhananya, digunakan elemen segitiga orde pertama. Makalah ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan tentang metode elemen hingga (FEM) dapat dipelajari dalam waktu singkat dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Hal ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat diperluas untuk masalah bentuk serupa lainny